![]() Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, transportation contributes about 27% of total U.S. The high pace of transportation contributes to the emissions of large amounts of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. One of the biggest problems faced by the world is global warming. This process consumes a large amount of energy and emits gases. These materials are heated to high temperatures of 150 and 180 ☌ to ensure proper aggregate coating by the asphalt binder and adequate workability of the mixture. The aggregates and filler make up approximately 94–96% of the total mixture weight, and the remaining 4–6% is asphalt binder. Generally, asphalt mixtures comprise three main materials, namely aggregate, asphalt binder, and filler. The increasing traffic volume necessitates using asphalt binders and mixes with enhanced properties to ensure the durability of asphalt pavements. The construction of about 90% of the world’s paved roads uses asphalt mixture, and the remaining 10% are other types of pavement. For example, in Malaysia, the Public Work Department (JKR) reported that there was 237,022 km of roads in 2017. ![]() Hence, the pace of road construction has been increasing globally, and 12 million km of roads were constructed in 2000 it is projected that 25 million km of roads will be built by 2050 globally. However, humans have long been constructing flexible pavements to ensure smooth and durable road pavements. In contrast, WMA technology was developed to meet sustainability’s economic and environmental needs. A contributing factor in the flexible pavement, primarily using HMA, is significant fuel and energy consumption, resulting in pollutant emissions. The environmental concerns of global warming are among the most severe issues facing human beings. However, future studies are recommended on the possibility of using renewable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective materials such as biomaterials as an alternative to conventional WMA-additives for more sustainable and green asphalt pavements. It also allows for the incorporation of more waste materials, such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Other benefits of using WMA are enhanced asphalt mixture workability and compaction because the additives in WMA reduce asphalt binder viscosity. It was also released that the reduction in energy consumption is dependent on the fuel type, energy source, material heat capacity, moisture content, and production temperature. Replacing HMA with WMA can reduce production costs because of the 20–75% lower energy consumption in WMA production. The lower production temperature also provides a healthy work environment and reduces exposure to fumes. It was discovered that the lower production temperature of WMA could significantly reduce the emissions of gases and fumes and thus reduce global warming. This study aims to provide a comparative overview of WMA and HMA from environmental and economic perspectives in order to highlight the challenges, motivations, and research gaps in using WMA technology compared to HMA. ![]() However, warm-mix asphalt (WMA) was introduced by pavement researchers and the road construction industry instead of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) to reduce these environmental problems. Due to the relatively higher predicted temperatures (150–180 ☌), the latest research on pavement energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission assessment mentioned contributing to higher environmental burdens such as air pollution and global warming. The environmental concerns of global warming and energy consumption are among the most severe issues and challenges facing human beings worldwide.
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